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‘Mind the Gap’ is a Lowestoft based cultural arts research project funded by Historic England through the London Road, Lowestoft Heritage Action Zone. This project is a collaboration between Suffolk Archives, Voice cLoud and the local community. Local volunteers have studied archival material to create this exhibition which offers people the chance to learn about and celebrate the 175th anniversary of the arrival of the of the town’s railway station on 1st July 1847. The research has also enabled Voice cLoud to work with professional actors and the local community to create a performance piece about the impact of the coming of the railway to Lowestoft and influence of Samuel Morton Peto on the town. Now, this exhibition has been transformed into an online display for all to enjoy
Samuel Morton Peto
Known as the Father of modern Lowestoft, Samuel Morton Peto was a pioneering railway entrepreneur and a MP. Before the arrival of the railway, Lowestoft was a fishing village on the cliff s to the north with the ‘Beach Village’ on the ‘Denes’ beach below.
1844 was a pivotal year for Samuel Morton Peto and the fortunes of Lowestoft. He purchased the Somerleyton Hall Estate and continued to drive the expansion of the railway network in East Anglia. His pioneering vision for Lowestoft included the development of Lowestoft as a prosperous fishing port, a principal trading port with northern Europe and an opulent holiday resort.
Peto promised to build a railway so fresh fish from the Lowestoft boats could be delivered fresh to Manchester on the same day, for local High Tea.
Before the railways became established, it didn’t matter if places at different longitudes kept their local time by the sun. There was no means of transport—or communication over distance—faster than a horse. A few minutes one way or the other between London and Lowestoft was no problem.
A railway network, however, whose trains could cross the country within a day, needed standard time to ensure that passengers departed on schedule and, importantly, avoided collisions.
Lowestoft time tended to run about 10 minutes ahead of London time so was brought into line with national time keeping.
Arrival of the Railway
In 1845, the Lowestoft Railway & Harbour Company was established to build a harbour and dock railway in Lowestoft. Peto’s plan was to construct an 11-mile line from Lowestoft to the Reedham Junction on the Yarmouth & Norwich Line. The line was opened to passengers on 1 July 1847. In 1855, the new Italianate style railway station was built by the Lucas brothers, who also designed the Royal Albert Hall and Liverpool Street Station.
With the arrival of the railway, Lowestoft ’s population doubled in 16 years to reach 10,000 and by the end of the century it had increased to 36,000.
Fishing Trade
In 1848, Peto turned his attention to construction of the outer harbour. In April 1852, Lowestoft was awarded Port status and independence from Great Yarmouth’s fishing restrictions. The railway company took over the harbour and drove expansion of the outer harbour which accommodated over 700 vessels. The Fish Market was erected in 1856.
A photograph showing Fish curing in 1960 (1300/72/20/20)
A photograph showing Fish curing in 1960 (1300/72/20/20)
The rise in prosperity of the fishing industry in Lowestoft also saw a rise in fishing related industries such as:
1. Vast amounts of salt was imported for packing fish
2. In 1844 there were 17 separate rope makers
3. Workshops made clothing for workers and fishermen such as oil skin smocks and ‘barmskins’
4. Braiders made nets and Beetsters repaired them.
5. The period saw over 30 smokehouses, using oak shavings to smoke the fish such as the ‘Bloater’
At its peak, in 1913, the herring industry landed 400 million herring in Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft in one season
A print of a North of Europe Steam Navigation Company ship created between 1854-1883 (1300/72/42/395).
A print of a North of Europe Steam Navigation Company ship created between 1854-1883 (1300/72/42/395).
Port Trade
Peto’s North of Europe Steam Navigation Company was established in 1852 to facilitate import and exports of goods with Denmark, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Norway and Sweden. Steam packets were built to transport live cattle from Europe. In 1853 alone, 14,998 oxen, 10,866 sheep, 89 horses, 63 pigs and 1,370 casks of butter were imported. This route enabled Peto’s railway expansion into Denmark and access to markets in London through Lowestoft.
A receipt issued from the Lowestoft Coaling Company Limited, Ship Owners and Coal Merchants of Commercial Road, Lowestoft to Mr Holland of 7 St Margarets Road, Lowestoft on the 8th of March 1921. (1894/1/23).
A receipt issued from the Lowestoft Coaling Company Limited, Ship Owners and Coal Merchants of Commercial Road, Lowestoft to Mr Holland of 7 St Margarets Road, Lowestoft on the 8th of March 1921. (1894/1/23).
Coal from North and South Shields became Lowestoft’s most important imported commodity increasing fivefold. Coal was distributed locally to domestic and commercial businesses and was cooked in coal ovens to create creosote which coated timbers from Denmark to create railway sleepers for railway companies.
The Inner Harbour and Harbour Village
Postcard showing Lowestoft Harbour
Postcard showing Lowestoft Harbour
The Inner harbour developed as an industrial site.
The dock walls and landings were constructed by Peto using timber driven into the bed with steam hammers. He had an array of furnices, boilers and coke ovens which supplied a constant flow of piped steam to various locations on site.
In addition to the large sleeper depot, timber merchants and shipbuilding also developed around the harbour.
A photograph of Lowestoft Fish Curing House taken in 1978 (1300/72/20/21)
A photograph of Lowestoft Fish Curing House taken in 1978 (1300/72/20/21)
The South side of the harbour developed around the arrival of the branch railway junction to Kirkley and this allowed the growth of canning factories.
Mortons label created in c.1900 (963/1/18)
Mortons label created in c.1900 (963/1/18)
Canning Factories such as Mortons and Maconochie’s which employed over 1000 people in 1889 and was considered one of the largest food production complexes in Europe for many years
Postcard showing south beach, Lowestoft
Postcard showing south beach, Lowestoft
A harbour village was designed by John Lough Clemence, seen in the photograph, and created workers’ housing with gardens at Selby St, Stevens St and Clemence Street off Denmark Road. An influx of workers from all around the country can be seen in census recording living and working there
Premier Victorian Holiday Destination
Peto’s vision was to create a high class resort for discerning travellers and visitors from the continent. He wanted Lowestoft to be the gateway to the British Isles from the Baltic, Scandinavia and Holland. Labelled the ‘Queen of the East Coast Watering Places’, Lowestoft became the most fashionable resort in East Anglia and a premier location for well to do families. The Illustrated London News would announce the celebrated families that would stay in the resort, families from the colonies would spent the summers here, gentlefolk would bring their servants with them and call on each other as the etiquette of the age would oblige.
The jewel in Peto’s resort crown was the salubrious Royal Hotel, constructed in 1846, with 4 storeys, 80 bedrooms, bathrooms with hot and cold piped water, billiards and dining rooms.
Kirkley Cliff Terrace was the final phase of the South Lowestoft development project of Peto and his architect John Louth Clemence and was completed in 1870
Clemence had already been responsible for the design of The Esplanade, Marine Parade, Victoria Terrace and Wellington Esplanade as well as a number of individual buildings in the town including the Town Hall, St. John’s Church and Lowestoft Hospital, as shown in the below gallery.
Click on each image to view it full screen.
Postcard showing what the Marine Parade, Marine Esplanade and beach looked like in the 1850's, courtesy of a private collection
Postcard showing what the Marine Parade, Marine Esplanade and beach looked like in the 1850's, courtesy of a private collection
Postcard showing the Wellington Gardens, courtesy of a private collection.
Postcard showing the Wellington Gardens, courtesy of a private collection.
New Town Hall, 1859 (1300/72/6/27)
New Town Hall, 1859 (1300/72/6/27)
St John's Church, 1853 (1300/72/11/3)
St John's Church, 1853 (1300/72/11/3)
Lowestoft hospital, taken in 1890 (1300/72/24/12)
Lowestoft hospital, taken in 1890 (1300/72/24/12)